Calculating apparatus.



E. H. PALMER, DECD.v E. M. a. H. v. PALMER a. w.-H. ROBERTS', ExEcuToRs.

'cALcuLAnNe APPARATUS. 'APPLICATION FILED MAR. 2, 1906.

` Patented Sept. 7, 1915.

SHEETS-SHEET l.

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COLUMNA PLANoaRAPl-l co,.wAsHlNuTON. DA

E. H. PALMER, DECD.

E. M. a H. v. PALMER a w..H. ROBERTS, Exseuons.

CALCULATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 2| 1906.

Patented Sept. 7, 1915.

TSHEETS-SHEET 2.

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH co..w^su|NGToN. u. c.

E. H. PALMER, DECD.

E. M. I II. v. PALMER a w. H. ROBERTS, ExecuToRs.

CALCULATING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 2. I'sos.

1,152,542. PatentedSept. 7, 1915.

1 SHEETS-mus.

coLuMmAvvL'NoGnAMI co., WASHINGTON. D. C,

E. H. PALMER, DECD. E. m. s. H. v. PALMER a. w. H. ROBERTS, ExEcuTons.

CALCULATING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED MAR.2.1906.

6 4/ y WlTNEESEE:

INVENTD F1:

E. H. PALMER. DECD. E. M. a H. v. PALMER a w. H. noBERTsgExEcuToRs.

CALCULATING APPARATUS.

. PPLlC-ATON FILED MAR. 2| |906. 1,152,542. latentedSept. 7, 1915.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 5- INVENTUR.

coLunmA PLANoanAln tu..wlnsnnsa'roNv D. c.-

E. H. PALMER, DECD.

E. M. H. V. PALMER L W. H. ROBERTS, EXECUTORS- CLCULATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILEYD MAR. 2'. 1906-.l l 1 52,542, Patented Sept. 7,' 1915. 7 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

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COLUMBIA PLAOGRAPH co,.wAsH|NaToN. D. c.

E. H. PALMER, DECD. E. M. a. H. v. PALMER ai w. H. ROBERTS, ExEcuToRs.

CALCULATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 2 1906.

PatentedSept. 7, i915.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

rnvifriin sfrafriis PATENT onrion.

EDWARD H. PALMER, OF READING, KMASSAGHUSETTSg EMILY M. PALMER AND HAROLD V. PALMER, BOTH 0F READING,"-MASSAHUSETTS, AND WALTER- ROBERTS, 0F

` MALDEN,MASSAGHUSETTS,EXECUTORS OF SAID VIEDE/'ARD I-I. PALMER, DECEASED, ASSIGNORS T0 SAID EMILY' M. PALMER AND 'HAROLD V. PALMER, INDIVIDUALLY.

CALCLATNG- APPARATUS.

paratus will be actuated to record the -.ig-' uresand thev sums or differences betweenv different numbers f.

The apparatus herein lillustrated and describedk is of thev same. general character as the one illustratedand, described in application No. 280,307-1'ilednby me September` The objects-ofthe present machineare to o provide afsimple and eiicient form` of control by which, when the number` keys are operated, the `representative lfigure bearing members or disks may be simultaneously operated to cause registrationof numbers proportional to. those represented by the keys;

to provide a power driver for operating the figure bearing disks and mechanism operative during V.the return movement of `the typewriter carriage. for restoring to said driverwhatever power may have been 'eX- pended during the previous trip of the. carriage; to4 provide a simplified and efiicient mechanism for changing. the relation of driving parts so that the apparatus may .be

used either for addition or subtraction; to provideimproved means for detachably connectingand. disconnecting theseveral number disks withv the actuator foi'fdriving, and with each other for carryingy tens, such means including pinions connected" so as always to enter the correct mesh with the driving and-carrying: pinions of the disk;

' and to provide an auxiliary actuator or ac- `celcrator for assisting the tens carrying ,mechanism and talring-.up back lash between the elements thereof.

The detailsof construction of an a I Specification of Letters Patent.

tus embodying my invention and the features, of novelty thereof are illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein,

Figure l Vrepresents a side elevation of anembodiment of the` invention as applied to a typewriting machine ofthe type known as the Remington No. 7 sufficient of the typewriting machinebeing'shown in dotted lines to indicate the manner of connecting the calculating mechanism thereto 'as viewed from a linev A-A, Fig. 2. 'Fig.2 represents afront elevation of the calculating mechamsm, a portion of the typewriting machine also being shown in section. Fig. 3 represents across sectiony ofthe calculatingmechanism on an enlarged scale. Figa represents that portion of Fig. 3, at the right of the line C-C, with dotted lines added showing the form of the vertical Yslide which carries the connecting and annular idler wheels.

Patented-Sept. *7, 1915. @phi-,ation fiieanarfch 2, 190e. serial No. 393,793.

Fi'gl 5 represents a front view in section at line DfD'of Fig. t.v Fig. G represents a plan view of Fig. 5 at line E-E of Fig. 5, andat the line E --E of Fig. 1. Fig. 7

y represents a fragmentary sectional plan view Von line Gry of Fig.` l, omitting theV vertical slides and'annular idler wheels. Fig. .Srepresentsa view of the disk and twopro- Vjecting carrying teeth on theleft hand side of each of the number wheels, as viewed V,from line H of Fig. 5,also showing in section the right hand Vend of the carrying wheel. Fig. 9 represents a View of Fig. 8

vfronithe right, looking to the left,'showing the disk cut away andthe left hand end of the carrying wheel meshing with a pinion, loosely mounted on the hub of the disk. Fig. l0 represents a perspective view of 'one of the carrying .-pinions or carrying wheels, which communicate, moti.0n from one. of the number wheelsr to the loosely mounted wheels on the hubfof the disk, and, when connected, by means of a connecting wheel, to the adjacent number wheels at the left. Fig. 11 represents a sectional plan. view from line J--J on Fig. l, also a plan view of the power spring and gear connections up to the gear on the control shaft. Fig. 12 represents an enlarged view, from the left hand end, ofthe power spring and its gear connections to the control shaft, be-

-removed segment as in Fig. 25.

ing an end view of Fig. 11, with dotted lines View of the calculating mechanism also suf-lisliowing a portion of the mechanism to show their relative position. Fig. 13 represents the ordinary form of indicator on a Remington typewritiiig machine, with a guide as to position of columns in which figures are to be written. Fig. 14 represents sectional view of the power spring and i'ewinding mechanism, operated by the return of the typewriter carriage. Figs. 15 and 1G represent difl'erent positions of the powerflanged spool, looking from the right to the left on line L of Fig. 14. Fig. 17 represents an enlarged view of the gearing connecting the control shaft with the number wheel shaft and means for reversing its rotation for subtraction, as seen from the right looking to the left of Fig. 2. Fig. 1S represents a plan view of the same. Fig. 19 represents a front view of the same, enlarged. Fig. 2O represents a rear view, partly in section, of the same, the gearing being connected for rotating the number wheel shaft for addition. Fig. 21 represents the same, the gearing being connected for rotating the number wheel shaft for subtraction. Fig. 22 represents a portion of the control shaft, with control ratcliets, also fixed collars with extended sleeves, partly in section, together with coiled springs mounted thereon. Fig. 23 represents an end view .of Fig. 22, looking from left to right, showing position of the ratchet wheel as it is nominally at rest on the control shaft, from line I, Fig. 22. Fig. 24; represents two perspective views of one of the control ratchet wheels and adjacent fixed collars, sleeves and coiled springs; the view at the left being from line l Fig. 22, looking to the right, that at the right being a View from line I Fig. 22 looking to the left. Fig. represents a perspective view of the fixed collar-member of the control mechanism, with the segment removed from its rim and the extension sleeve, as viewed from line J Fig. 22 looking to the right. Fig. 26 represents a modification of Fig. 25, showing a curved slot instead of the Fig. 27 represents a simple modification of the control mechanism, A being a view in section, B being an end view of A looking to the left. Fig. 28 represents a simpler formr of the control mechanism, doing away with the fixed collar and sleeve and substituting a simple pin fixed in the shaft, with two pins driven into the side of the ratchet control wheel. Fig. 29 represents a control wheel having square cut teeth instead of ratchet form, the single upright pawl fixed on the escape-lever and a part of the vertical toothed rod to intercept its rotation; this form of teeth being required if the cont-rol be on the same shaft with the number wheels, in order to restrain its rotation in either direction. Fig. 30 represents a plan cient lines of the rear of the typewriting machine to show its position, with a view of the spring power at the left, the connecting mechanism from the control to the number wheels and reversing mechanism at the right, the steel endless tape, and the connection between the steel tape and the carriage. Fig. 31 represents a view of Fig. 30 from the left, showing the steel tape connecting the carriage to the rewinding ring, also a pinion mounted on the. left hand projecting end of the cam shaft meshing with the rewinding ring pinion, being a method of rotating the cani shaft by the traverse of the typewriter carriage where several columns of figures are required to be written. Fig. 32 represents a side view from the right, at line R-R of Fig. 33 showing modified construction. Fig. 33 represents a sectional front view of Fig. 32 at line S-S of Fig. 32. Fig. 3l represents a sectional front view of Fig. 32 at line T T of Fig. 32 showing the parts directly in the rear of those shown in Fig'. 33. Fig. 35 represents an elevation and a sectional View of a modied construction of carrying pinion with a restraining and accelerating actuator in operative relation therewith.

The same reference characters indicate the same parts in all the figures.

This calculating mechanism may be applied to any typewriting machine by making slight adaptations and modifications in the frame and connections suitable for the particular machine from the construction and arrangement here shown, which is particularly adapted to the Remington No. 7, but in any case the essentials are the saine.

In the embodiment here shown, the apparatus comprises'main side frame plates 1-2 connected together by suitable transverse rods l-G-T-S-Q and vario-us shafts hereinafter described, which support parts of the mechanism. This mechanism and the frame plates are conipactly and securely held together, constituting a separate independent device which may be operated independently, and has also capabilities of attachment to the frame of a typewriting machine. For the purpose of such attachment, the lower portion of the frame plates 1 2 are widened (see Fig. l) and have forwardlyprojecting arms l0, also downwardly projecting lugs 11-13 adapted to embrace and engage the forward and rear edges of the table projection 12 of a typewriting inachine. In the projections 13, are adjustable set-screws 14, adapted to be screwed up against the rear of table 12 to clamp the calculating mechanism to the machine. There are also formed upon the side plates projections 15 carrying set-screws 1G, arranged to engage the upper part of the typewriting machine. By means of these proj ecy which is adapted tovrest its forward end Mounted in the forward ends of arms 10r is a transverse rod or shaft 17 on which are pivotally mounted levers 18, (Figs. 1 and 2\, there being nine of such levers, each of 2O on one of the number-key levers 19- of the typewiiting machine. Springs 17" surround the rod 17 and bear against a second transverserod 17L fixed in the side frames, their forward ends pressing the forward ends of the levers 18 downward when the number-key is depressed, but the springs are not of suflicient powei to depress the number-key levers or to prevent their upward return to their normal position.

At the forward end of each lever 18, on either side, are two thin disks 21 mounted loosely on pin 22 which passes throughthe end of lever| 18 at 20. These disks project downward each side of the number -key levers 19 as guides, to prevent lateral motion of levers 18 and keep them in place. At the rear end of each lever 18, pivotally connected at 24, is a vertical rod 23 which extends r control shaft 33.

upward through two guide rails 25,Y said rails being transversely mounted in the side frames. yThe verticalrods 23, near vtheir Y upper ends, carry arms 27 projecting forward, Figs. 1, 3 and 32, each of which is designed to contact with a transverse rod 28, whichis carriedr by the movable arms 29 fixedly mounted near the ends of a transverse rock-shaft 30, journaled in the side frames 1 2 to allow a rocking motion. At the extreme upper end of verticalr rodY 23 there is a pointedtooth or detent 26. The slightest upward motion of the vertical rod 23 causes the Vdetent 26 to enter the ratchet tooth of one of the control ratchet-wheels 120 thereby restraining it from rotation.

`The number keys of a Remington No.. 7 machine are situated lon the upper row of keys, commencing at the figure 2 aiidfcontinuing in regular order to the right, about of an inch apart, untill the figure 9 is reached. rlhe figure 1 is situated in the same row of keys butis nearly ran inch and a half to the right of the number 9,V thus the space between the figure 9 and the figure 1 is double that ofthe other numbers. Di-

r'ectly opposite this space, fixedly mounted on the transverse shaft' 30 is an upright pawl or detent 31, designed tocontact with the teeth of a 211 tooth ratchet wheel (Fig. 2), said wheel being iirinly pinned tothe The upright pawl 31, while in Contact with the teeth of the fixed. ratchet wheel 32, restrains the control shaft 33 from rotating.

Over each of the-iiumber key-levers 19 is a lever 18, connected-'to a vertical rod 423,

fourths of one rotation.

and on theV control shaft 3,3, opposite each vertical rod is loosely mounted a 24 tooth ratchet wheel 120 for-the purpose lof limiting the motion of the rotation of the control shaft. 'l`ransversely extending through each of thesey control ratchet wheels 120 is a small rod or pin 121, its ends projecting from each-side ofthe wheel. (Figs. 3, and 22-28).

.Fixedly mounted on control shaft 33, beside each of the loosely mounted ratchet wheels, is ay disk 122 having a sleeve or hub of smaller diameter 123, which extends to the right far enough so that its end forms a collar to hold the ratchet wheel closely against the next disk but allowing it to turn freely. In the disks 122, with the radius of the pins 121,-there is a segmental portion cut out, which, in the disk correspondingtothe number k1 key, has a cirn cumferential lengthV of 1/24th plus the diameter of the pin, and increases in the successive disks by regular and equal `amounts up to 9/24ths plus the diameter of the pin, which is the length of the recess in the disk corresponding to the number 9 key, and, as the pin 121 is radially between the faces of the removed segment, the rotary motion of the disk and shaft (when the rotation of the ratchet wheel is prevented) is limited to one or more twenty- Thus, the shaft, when controlled by a number key of higher value than the number-one key, is enabled to travel through a distance which is an exact multiple of that through which it turns when governed by the number-one key, and is as many times greater than that distance as the number of the particular controlling `key-'is greater than one. vFixedto each of the sleeves 123, over a projecting pin 125, which'passes through the sleeve and `the control shaft, is a coiled spring 126, one of its ends being held by the pin 125, the other passing behind the pin 121 in the ratchet wheel.

-cnd of the control shaft (which will be later explained) causes the control shaft 33, whenever it is permitted, to rotate in the direction in which the ratchetteeth point. Thus, ifa fixed detent is inserted into one of the ratchet teeth and the control shaft isp allowed to rotate, by withdrawing the upright pawl 31 from contact with the fixed Y Each spring tends to revolve they ratchet with which it is engaged forward ratchet wheel 32, the control shaft 33 will turn as many 2ltths, or other fractional parts of arotation, depending on the number of teeth on the ratchets,` as the ratchet wheel selected permits, according to the size of the segmental cut in the disk at its right limiting its rotation.

Upon the depression of any number key, the front end" of the particularl lever 18, engaged therewith, falls, thereby raising its rear end and with it the connected vertical rod 23. Its point 26 enters the tooth of one of the control ratchet wheels, thereby restraining its motion. The further upward motion of the vertical rod 23, through the arm 27 contacting With the transverse rod 28, lifts the arms 29, thereby rocking the shaft 30, and rocking the pawl 31 backward and out of connection with the fixed ratchet wheel 32, thereby allowing the control shaft, from its rotary impulse from the power spring, to rotate as far as the pin 121 allows the particular disk 122 at its side to turn, that is, until the rear shoulder of the segmental recess in the disk strikes the pin, and the disk 122 being pinned to the shaft, it thereby limits the rotary motion of the shaft to either of the desired number of twenty-fourths according to the ratchet Wheel selected: Upon the rise of the number key, the vertical rod descends allowing the upright pawl 31 to engage in the fixed ratchet wheel 32, after which the point of the rod drops below the teeth of the loosely mounted ratchet wheel, allowing it to revolve forward by the impulse of spring 126, as its teeth point, until its projecting pin is against the opposite or forward side of the segmental cut in the next right hand fixed disk, thereby being ready to arrest the rotation of that disk again whenever the motion of that particular loosely mounted ratchet wheel is restrained and the shaft released. It will be noted that, when the control shaft rotates, all the loosely mounted ratchet wheels revolve with it, except one which is restrained, but they are each by means of the coiled springs 126 pressed forward toward the points of their teeth against the forward part of the segmental cut in the respective next right hand disk, ready to limit the rotatable movement if held stationary by interposing a fixed tooth in any of their teeth, and that, as the fractional rotation of the control shaft is always a whole number of twenty-fourths, there is always a tooth on every control ratchet exactly in position to receive the point of the vertical upright rod.

rlhe rotation of the shaft and disks is wholly in one and the same direction, and that of the shaft alternates with that of the disks, the shaft being allowed to turn when any disk is held fast, and the disk turning when released by disengagement therefrom of its respective rod 23, the shaft being then held stationary.

To further illustrate this control a simpler form thereof is shown in Fig. 27, A being a front view in section, B a side view of A at the right. The control ratchet is here shown as loosely mounted on the control shaft 33, having a hub 163 extending to the right. Out of this hub 163 is cut a recess 16st and fixed through the shaft is a pin 165. rlhe pin prevents the control ratchet 162 from moving laterally to the right on the shaft. A collar 166 is fixed on the shaft by a set screw 167 which prevents any lateral movement of the control ratchet on the shaft to the left, but allows it to rotate freely as far as the pin will allow. rl`he coiled wire spring 168, held at one end in the collar, passes around and upward behind a horizontal pin 169, fixed in the side of the ratchet wheel, normally keeping one radial face of the remaining portion of the hub 163 (formed by the removed sector) against the pin 165. 1f, by the interposition of a detent as of the end of the upright rod 23 in any one of its teeth, its rotation is restrained, and while so restrained the escape pawl 31 is rocked out of contact with the one escape ratchet wheel 32 fixed on the control shaft 33, said shaft, by the impulse derived from the spring, will rotate ust so far as the size of the removed sector less the diameter of the pin 165, and as each of the nine hubs has a sector removed of different lengths circumferentially, from one twentyfourth to nine twenty-fourths plus the diameter of the pins, the rotation of the shaft is thus limited from one to nine twenty-fourths. rllhe control shaft having a fixed pinion of 2li, or a multiple of 24E teeth, its rotation causes other pinions in mesh to rotate from one to nine twenty-fourths in proportional parts.

Fig. 2S illustrates a still more simple form, having two pins 170 171 driven into the side of the control ratchet at different distances apart circumferentially of from one to nine parts, the pin 165 fixed in shaft being long enough to contact with them and the same result will be obtained as before described, or a single pin in the side of the control ratchet may project through a slot 172 in an adjacent fixed collar as shown in Fig. 26, or conversely a slot may be formed in the ratchet wheel and a pin fixed in the collar, these being simple modifications of this form of control.

1n Fig. 29, the control wheel 171 is shown with teeth 1745LL in its face 175 cut square with square intermediate notches, instead of tapered teeth and notches as in the ratchet form, thus designed to permit its rotation in either direction, in case it is desired to put the control mechanism and the number wheels on the same shaft, in a. position such portant part of my invention and whollyv new. The ratchet wheels 82 and 120 constitute escapeldevice's controlled by the several manually operated; levers 1S and the typewriter.` number keys, which allow the' drive shaft toescape when any number key is operated and to turn through distances proportional to the values of the numbers represented by the several keys.

The end of thecontrol shaft 33, j ournaled in the side frame l, passes through said frame to the right (see Figs. 2, 17-21 and 33). Fixedlyfmounted upon this extended end are two pinions 40v vand 41, each having 72 teeth or a multiple of the teeth thecontrol ratchet wheels. These pinions are connected by a sleeveor hub 42, and, between these wheelsand the side frame on shaft 33, is a collar or sleeve43-V The'hub 42 has a set screw 44 `whichfixes it on the shaft 33.

Above and tothe rear of the control shaft, parallel thereto, is the number wheel shaft 45, journaled at the right in side frame 1 and at the left ina frame 3, (Figs. 5 and 6) this frame being ,supportedl on the connecting rods 0 7-8-9 which extend laterally across the mechanism from side frame lto 2. Below and to the rear of shaft 45 is a stud 46, on which thereversing spool pinions, each having 30teeth (the one to the left being designated by 52 and the one to the right by` 53) are looselymounted. On the number wheel shaft `extension 45, commencing at'theleftneXt to theside frame, is loosely mounted pinio1i48 having v30 teeth, at its right are iixedly mounted two pinions connected by asleeve, each having 30V teeth (the one at the left being designated by 49 and the one at the right vby 50). At the right of theseis a looselymounted pinion 5l having 30 teeth, and to the right of` this a collar 51a is pinned to the shaft topi-event lateral motion but unconnected ltherewith so that the loosely mounted wheels may rotate freely. The rotation of the control shaft 533, on which are. fixed pinions 40 and `4l, is tothe right, Fig. 17. Pinion '40 meshes with loosely mounted pinion 48, vcausing it to rotatey to the left. Pinion 4l meshes with the spool pinion 52,*mounte'd on the' stud 4G, causing itto rotateto theleft, and itsY being connected to pinion 53 by a sleevi'x,tliat is also caused .torrotate to theleft. Pinion 5S, on the stud46 rotating ,to the left, meshes withthe loosely mounted pinion 51, causing it to rotate to theright. Thus, the two loosely mounted pinions 48 and 51 on the shaft 45 one 'at the left and one at theright of fixed pinions 49 and 50, are rotated ateach movement ofthe control shaft three teeth,or one-tenth of their whole rotation,v for eachtwenty-fourth of one'rotationof the control shaft and in opposite directions. v i

ylj)irectly above the shaft 45 is a studl 47, projectingv from the side frame 1, on which is slidably mountedva longjpinion 55, in a position `to mesh lwith the fixed pinions49 '50 and eitherr of` the flanking-loose pinions on shaft'45 It has at its .ends a cylindrical projection, `in l which is out an annular groove Projecting fromthe side frame and securelyv fixedthereto'V is a bracket 57 having a flat `topin'forvvard end of which is a raised segment 5,8,"having two slots cut thereim-for thepurpose ofholding the'forward. end of a' movable lever 59 in one of two` diiferent'positions. The lever 59 is mounted, so." that it may move laterally, on a stud screw 61 screwed .into the topA of bracket '57.. .At the rear endof this lever is fixed a. 'pin 60, projecting' downward and enteringtnen groove 56, in'the projection of the Vlong pinion55. Thejposition ofthe lever, as yshown `in Figs: 18-'19-20, shows the Ylonggpinion 55,in position vto connect the pinions 49 and 50, which are fixed on shaft k45, with pinion` 48,which fat each escapeA of `the `control shaft, rotates to the left. The position of the lever, as shown in rearA View, Fig.`21, shows theA long" pinion position vto, connect the pinions 49 and 50, which arefixed on shaft 45, with the pinion 51, which, at eachescape of the control shaft, rotates to the' right. By shifting thexpinion 55 intoeither of thesepositions, the number disk shaft l45 may be rotated in eitherV-direction from `the Acontrol shaft 33, and lthe disks thus moved one way or the other, accordingfas addition or subtraction isto be performed.

Power, spring-A screwed into side .frame 2 up to a solid its" outward. end 67 being supported in the endvof a bracket 68, Figs.l 2 and 12) Awhich is firmly fastened to the side frame 2, and has an arm projecting A,tothe-left, in a direction atright. langles to its base, andv another 4 arm projecting` forward, inthe directionk of a rightanglefrom the first mentioned arm, Vto a suitable position to 'support fthe stud end k67A rigidly. Mounted loosely on ystud 65-67 at the eXtreme left, isa disk 75, having knobs. 76, vprojecting from its rim, to permit lof -itsrotation by the hand; it also carriesa ratchetwheel 73, mounted on the left upon the disk 'hub and firmly fixed zto ythe diskby screws 74j A pawl 70 yis mounted Aon' a pin v71 on the inist in contact with the ratchet wheel 73, prevents rotary motion of the latter except to the left, or in a backward direction. Projccting from the right hand sideof the disk is a pin 77, upon. which the outside loop end of a flat coiled spring 78 is held. In the inside end of the coiled spring 78 is a hole 79, which is caught over a hook 82, fixed in the left hand end of the sleeve 81 which projects to the left from a disk 80. The disk and connected sleeve 81 are loosely mounted on stud 67. The disk 80 (Figs. 15 and'16) carries on its right hand side a pawl 84 which is held in contact with a ratchet wheel 89, by means of a spring 86,

which is held by a small stud 87 on the same face of the disk. The ratchet wheel 89 is :fixed to a pinion 88 having 72 teeth, by means of pins 90. There is one ratchet tooth 83, cut in the rim of disk 80 for the purpose of rewinding the coiled spring and restoring the power expended, as will be later described. The power gear 88 meshes with a pinion 93 of 48 teeth, said pinion being fixed to a pinion 94 by pins 95, these pinions 93--94 being loosely mounted on a stud 92 fixed in side frame 2. The pinion 94 meshes with pinion 96, which is mounted and pinned on the control shaft 33. On rotating the disk 7 5, by means of the knobs 76, the pin 77 carries the outer end of the coiled spring to the left (Fig. 12) causing its inner end, from the impluse thus given, to exert a rotary force on the sleeve 81 and disk 80, which latter, by its pawl 84 contacting with ratchet wheel 89 on the side of pinion 88 and through pinions 93-94-96, provides a rotary impulse to the control shaft 33, causing it to rotate whenever the upright pawl 31 is disengaged from the escape wheel. 32, (Fig. 2) and through the fixed pinions 40 and 41 thereon, to turn the number-wheel shaft 45.

b- Rewz'nding mecham'sm.-Moiinted loosely on sleeve 81, between the spring 78 and the disk 80, is a rewinding ring or drum 97, (Fig. 14) having arrim 98 projecting beyond its face at each of its sides as guides to keep from lateral movement an endless steel tape which it carries. The face of the ring also has projecting pointed pins 103, at proper spaces to engage in small holes in the steel tape 106, in'order that the tape may rotate the ring. The rewinding ring carries at its right hand side a pawl 100, (Figs. 15 and 16) pivotally mounted on screw 99 and this pawl is held in contact with the face of the rim of the disk 80, which as before stated has a single ratchet tooth, by means of a spring 101, mounted in a small stud 102, fixed in the side of the rewinding ring. At the left hand side of the rewind ing drum there is fixed a 78 toothed pinion 104, its purpose to be described later.

Loosely mounted on vertical pivots, held in the side frame 2, (Fig. 2) are two horizontal rollers 176 and 179, each having flanges on the sides of its rim for the purpose of receiving the steel tape 10G and changing its direction to that of a horizontal line parallel to the motion of the typewriter carriage. 0n vertical pins held in projections of side frame 1 are also loosely mounted two similar horizontal rollers 177 and 178 having flanges on the sides of their rims, for the same purpose. On the outer face of the side frame 1, are fixed two parallel horizon tal guides 182 and 183. (Fig. 1.) Between the horizontal guides is mounted a movable slide 184, carrying a short stud 181, projecting to the right, and on this stud is loosely mounted a larger rimmed wheel 180, (Figs. 2 and 11) adjustable by movement of the slide in the guide ways through actuation of a. screw 186 in an abutment 185 to take up any slack in the steel tape which passes around the wheel.

rhe endless steel tape passes around the rewinding ring 97, its holes receiving the pins therein, extends forward from its top around the horizontal j roller 176, passing parallel to the movement of the typewriter carriage across the mechanism and directly in the rear of the bar 159 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) movable with the typewriter cari'iage, thence around rimmed roller 177 to the rear, over the rimmed wheel 180, coming forward from lower' face of the latter, around rimmed roller 178, changing' its direction to return parallel to the motion of the typewriter carriage across to rimmed roller 179, and thence to the lower face of the rewinding ring 97. A sleeve 161a is adjustably mounted on the bar 159, being held in place by screw 161, and is provided with a rearwardly projecting pin or finger 161b Fig. 3 at the level of the upper stretch of the tape. The pin is adapted to project through any of the holes in the tape and normally does extend through one of them, whereby movement of the carriage drives the tape.

As the typewriter carriage moves from right to left, step by step, it rotates the rewinding ring 97 through the endless tape 106, thereby drawing the pawl 100 inoperatively over the face of the rim of disk 80; but, in moving from left to right, to bring the sheet in position to receive a new line of writing or figures, the ring or drum 97 is rotated in the opposite direction, that is, to the left (as seen in F ig. 16) and the pawl is caused to engage the single tooth 83 of disk 80, turning the latter to rewind spring 78 and restore any power' that may have been expended during the previous trip of the carriage. The size of the rewinding ring is such that in the traverse of the typewriter carriage, which is about 7%,- inches, the ring is never turned through quite its whole rotation. The motion of the disk 80,

having the ratchet tooth `83 takes lplace only when the power is expended, that is, when the figuresl arewritten, and its motion rotarily,;to write a line of figures, is only a fraction of one revolution, consequently the pawl 100 is drawn backward by the rotation of the rewinding ring,constantly out of engagement and in advance of the single ratchet'tooth 83, thereby keeping its point in readiness, upon the returnl of the carriage, to enter the notch adjacent to the `ratchet tooth in disk 80, for rotating the latter to wind the spring through sleeve 81 and hook 82. Y

U @nemen-151 of the number-wheels-Refer ring to Figs. 3-4r-5-6 and 7,' each number-wheel includes a pinion 127, having a sleeve 128 projecting to its left, and loosely mounted on shaft 45, which isjo'urna-led at its right hand end in side frame 1, Vand at its left hand end in the partial side frame 3, as

'hereinbefore described, and inclosed in a casing through an opening 129a in which the numbers are visible. rlhe opening serves as an indicator by which the results are to be read. The numbers are made to appear on the face of a disk 129, which is mounted on sleeve 128, being caused to rotate therewith by means of a feather 1281, and carries, pinned toits left' hand side, a plain disk 130 with two pinion teeth 131 projecting laterally from its left side, and a single tooth-space cut 'out of it between the two teeth; rllhis combined number disk is slid upon the sleeve 128 to a shoulder 12821, the object of which isto provide 'a space between the pinion 127 and the number disk to permit vibratery movement of a. slide or Vcarrier 137. The slide'is fprovided at its center with anopening sutliciently largeso that, in its movement, it will not contact with the number wheel. On the-left hand portion of the sleeve 128, projecting'bevond disk 129, is loosely mounted a-pinion 132, of

whichL the teethare spaced to correspond with the twoteeth 131 projecting from the disk 130, the tworunning closely side byy side. Between adjacent pinions v127 and 132n vlixed pinion 133, having' the samenumber ofy teeth as the'number-wheel, lsplined to shaft y45, so aste rotate therewitlr Y At the rear-.of shaft 15 and parallel to it is va bar 131,'liaving arms projecting forward. y'These arms areV slotted, the width of the slots being sufficient that-carrying wheels 135, mounted upon small shaft'136,

lmaybe contained and rotate freely within them. The carrying-'wheel consists of a six tooth pinion with the right hand ends of three inits alternating teeth removed for a distance ofwabout one-third their length, leaving buty three teeth at its right hand end. The carrying-wheel is directly in the rear of pinions 130 and 132a-nd in proper position lthat its' six teeth maycorrectly mesh with the two teeth 0n 131 of-disk 130, and all the teeth of the loosely mounted pinion 132. Two of three Yfull-width teeth of the carrying-wheel rest upon the periphery ofthe disk 130, whichv prevents rotation of the pinion until the space between the two teeth 131 (by the rotation of the numberwheel to the right ofthe cairyingwlieel) is opposite one ofthe full-width teeth. Atv that point, if ythe number-wheel continues to rotate, the two teeth 131 at the left of disk 129, contacting with two of the six teeth atthe central portion of the carrying-wheel,

rotatesthe carrying-wheel one-third or two fectually locks the wheel 132 from rotation except at the point where the number wheel is turning,to bring at its view point O from 9,V or the reverse.A j i ThereJ is a slide 137 for each of the number wheels, each of which is mounted at its top andbottoni in parallelbars 138 and 139 respectively. Itis provided with an opening at its center so large that in its upward or downward motion it will not contact with the sleeve 128 which it surrounds. slide is in the same plane as the space between pinion'127 and number disk 129 but does not contact with either.` Around the opening at its center, there is a raised cir! The cular rim'lllO, on which is mounted, flat if* against the vertical slide, 'a thin pinion 111 which is designed as an idler, for thepurpose of meshing with the teeth kof the two connecting wheels 1/-12 and 1&3, which are loosely mounted on stud' screws L114C and 14:5, 'T

fixed to the side above and below the shaft At the bottom ofthe vertical slide there' is a small wheel 150 loosely mounted on a pin 151. This small wheel rests upon the rim of a large cam-wheel 152, except when inthe rotation of wheel 152 itis adjacent a single space in the rim thereof, when, by the pressure of the spring 1%17, mounted on parallel rods .1 -18 and 149, it moves downward. rllhe upper wheel 112 meshes with the idler 111 constantly, and is so formed being approximately` as wide as the combined widths of pinions 141-127-1323, that, if it 'moves with theslide downward, its pinion teeth will engage both the power fixed wheel 133 and the pinion 127 of the number wheel connecting them together. 1f the number wheel shaft 45 be rotated during this connection, the number wheel will be rotated with the shaft.

The connecting wheel 143 always meshes with the idler 141 and normally is in mesh with the pinion 127 of the number wheel and the loosely mounted wheel 132, being grooved between its ends so as to skip the intermediate power wheel 133, so that if the wheel 132 be rotated one-tenth by the carrying wheel, it will communicate the rotation of one-tenth to the next left hand wheel; but, if the slide be depressed, coniecting a number wheel with its power wheel 133, through the pinion 142 the connection of that wheel 127 with the wheels to the right is broken, allowing any number wheel of which the carrying connections is thus broken to rotate freely in either direction as the first right hand wheel of any train in calculating wheels without disturbing the position of any wheel to its right.

In order to take up backlash between the tens-carrying wheels, the number disks and the connecting pinions, and to insure complete operation of the extreme left hand disk when a long series is simultaneously operated by turning a disk at the right, I provide auxiliary actuators or accelerators for the carrying wheels 135. The accelerators are shown as spring wires or rods 135a extending across each pinion 135 and engaging two non-adjacent teeth of the latter, although other yielding devices than wires may be used, the only essential being that such devices shall have points substantially in line adapted to engage the pinion teeth as described. In order that this engagement with non-adjacent teeth may take place, the intermediate teeth are provided with slots, through which the accelerators may extend without ei'igagement. lThe pinions are therefore constructed, as shown in Fig. 35, with their alternate teeth slotted at 135b and the other teeth unbroken throughout their entire width. The accelerators 135a are carried by holders 135c pivotally mounted one of the frame tie rods, as 9, each of which has an arm 135d adapted to be engaged by a protuberance 137a on the sliding carrier 137 when the latter is depressed to connect a number wheel with its driver 133. r1`his has the effect of pressing the accelerator against the pinion 135 lying between the number disk which is thus put in driving connection, and the loose wheel 132 at the left thereof.

rlChe accelerator engaging a pinion 135 is first pushed away when the pinion begins to rotate, but, after the rearward unslotted tooth has passed by the dead point, or line in 'which pressure is exerted by the accelerator, thc latter becomes operative and drives the pinion forward ahead and independent of the number disk teeth 131 until the tooth engaged thereby reaches the limit of its movement and strikes the face of disk or shoulder 130. By means of the accelerators,

the carrying pinions are driven through to the limits of their motion and all backlash is taken up. TWithout them the pinions would lag behind, on account of unavoidable looseness, so that the left hand number disk of a long train would be moved through only a part of the necessary travel to carry from 9 to O, or vice versa, and in some cases would not be moved at all.

lVhere several columns of gures are to be written, as one column for listing the amounts of bank checks, a second column for the discounts or the exchange, and a third column for collection charges, a greater number of number wheels than shown in Figs. 2, and G will be required to show the results of the several columns, and, as the space between the side frames is limited, a number wheel, taking less space laterJ ally on the shaft must be employed. Figs. 32, 33 and 34 show a modification for this purpose. Here the vertical slides are removed thereby saving the space between each number wheel and its attached pinion 12'(- required for them, and in place of the slides, the connecting wheels 142 and 143 together with the idler wheel 141, are mounted upon a rocking three armed lever 193, loosely mounted on a shaft 192, directly in the rear of each of the number wheels. The power wheel 133, which was fixedly mounted by the side of each number wheel, remains iixedly mounted on shaft 45, and by its side is a loosely mounted connecting wheel 139, its teeth meshing with the pinion 127 on the side of the number wheel. All the number wheels are removed from shaft 45, and are loosely mounted on a shaft 183, xed in side frames 1 and 3. Fixed to the side of connecting pinion 189 is a pinion 190 the same size and adjacent the fixed power wheel 133.

r1`he rotation of shaft 45, from the impulse of the spring and its limitation of rotation through the nine controlling mechanisms, is the same as before described. r1`he three armed rocking lever 193, loosely mounted on shaft 192, has near the end of its right hand arm a small wheel 194, pivotally mounted on a screw 195. The face of the wheel 194 rests on the face of one of the circular cams 152, and the arm is thus held upward against a lateral bar 196, held by side frames 1 and 3, until such time as the recess 152ZL in the face of each circular cam 152 is adjacent the small wheel 194, when it is forced downward by spring 197 (held by bar 196), thus causing a rocking motion of the lever 193. At the end of the upper arm of lever 193 is pivotally mounted a connecting pinion 143 which normally connects the idler 132, on the left hand side of a number wheel with the pinion 127 on the right hand side of the next adjacent number wheel to the left, in order that, if tens are to be carried, the motionmay be lcommunicated from one wheel z to the next. pNearvthe. end of thelower` arm L cf lever 193 is pivotally mounted a kpinion 142, normally outzoconnection but designed wheels toitsright (thereby making it as the irst wheel in any train of indicating wheels) and lthe pinion 142 is rocked into mesh, connecting'the power wheel133with the adjacent pinion 190. If the shaft445 be rotated during this connection, thefnumber wheel on shaft 183, beingy meshed withconnecting wheel 189 and that wheelbeing fixed to the side of pinion 190, 'they number wheel will be rotated the proper` distanceto eX- pressf the changed `value according to the number selected.` h

Near the center ofthe three armedrlever 4is arraised cylindricalrl'lange 191, loosely mounted on which is the idler pinion 141, which meshes with both-pinions 142 and 143. Its side is latfagainst the three arm lever causing a slight frictionwhich pre vents any loose motion, either of it .orpin ions 142 and Thusr when `either ofthe pinions rotate,`both of the pinions 142, and 143 andthe idler 141 rotate a corresponding number of teeth, and, as vone or the other oi the pinions is lconstantly in mesh in its respective connection, the wheels are always in correct position, when ithefrocking-of the lever occurs, .to accurately enter theJ teeth of the wheels to be connected. As the threearmed levers and connecting wheels .inrthis v,torni are placed directly back of and in the plane Vof thevnumber wheels, the bar 134 and the carrying wheelsf135 are removed to a position directly above the number wheels. ln this form of mechanism, the-arm 135" of the holder 135C, which carries" the Aauxiliary actuator or accelerator'135r, is arrangedto engage one of the arms of the 4three-armed lever 193. Similarly to the other arrangement, when leverl93 is rockedto iconnect pinions 133 andv 190 together by pinion 142, for driving'a number disk, the accelerator .immediately at i, the left of this disk is .pressed against its pinion 135.

The cams `152 are fixed on anshaft 153, journaled in inside frames 1 2, and operated by the typewriter carriage through an adjustable rack 161C, which is formed'upon vthe sleeve 161a previously described, slidably 1 ,mounted on a horizontal bar 159whichis carri-ed by twoV arms 160, projecting tothe rear from the typewriter carriage and which slide on the .iXed'A bar 160, which is a part of the machine.. The rack is arranged to portion of the travel-ofL the typewriter carriage, the rack 161c is separated from the gear segment 158, but, when it comes into engagement withthe latter, it rotates the same Vstep by'step asthe carriage is moved,

while the keysareoperated and the shaft 153 iscorrespondingly rotated. It will be observed-that the circular cams, each having avrecess cutfrom itsface, are equal in number to theA slides 137 or the levers 193, and that they are spaced laterally so `that each comes inthe plane offone'of the slides Vand in such position that its face or rim contacts; with the looselymounted wheels 150 atthe bottom of the slide or the wheeli194 f oi a lever, thereby keeping the slides raised until the tooth space is moved opposite the small wheel, when the slide operated by spring147Y is presseddownward. They are arranged rotarily as to the tooth spaces, in

a generally helical line about the shaft so that no two of: the recesses are in alinement.

The cams-,being arranged on the shaft in the kmanner `above described,.as the shaft is rotated, it' is 1 evident that Avthe, recesses will come directly under the wheels on the slides successively. The? recess .ofV thejleft hand cam lirst comes opposite the wheel of ,the left hand slide, allowing it to descend, thereby ythrowing in the driving connection of i, the firstV number' vwheel and disconnecting l the carrying connection with thenext wheel at the right, as previously described, so that, if ajnumber be typewritten in the million column, the power wheel (being rotated as many tenths `as the units of the selected number) A`willrotate [the irst number wheel the properkdistance'to record that number. Further rotation 'of the cam shaft and cams throws into driving gear fthe successive number disks to theright and throws out their right 'hand carrying connections in the same manner while restoring the previously depressed slide and again completing the carrying connection at the left. i

. In typewriting a line of ligure's, it is usualtc place a comma between the ligure representing the, millions and those representing the hundreds of thousands, and in order Athat the second number wheel may not be connected with the power wheel while the carriage is at this posi-tion, the recess in the next right hand cam is spaced angularly,

iis

between the millions and the hundreds ofv thousands as above described. Thus the point on the sheet, at which numbers to be added or subtracted may be written, is determined by the location of the rack; while the position of the numbers in line, whether adjacent or separated by commas and period, or in groups of three, more or less, and the spaces between such columns, are arranged so that a number typewritten at a given place may be recorded upon the proper number wheel, by the rotarial distance between the depressions on the several circular cams. There is also such a space between the depressions at the position of rest of the segment gear 158, before the rack engages it and after the rack leaves it, in either direction, in order that no number wheel may be rotated by the writing of other numbers than those required to be added or subtracted. This arrangement of cam depressions is shown in Figs. 1 and 31. Vhile it is necessary that the depressions be separated in multiples of the distance moved with each step of the carriage, any desired arrange ment may be adopted whereby to determine the spacing between the figures written. rlhis spacing may be uniform as 1 2 3 4l- 5 6 7 8 9 or one or more spaces of great width may be left to permit writing in separated parallel columns, one for the amount of checks listed and a second column for the collection charges; or a column for weight and a second column for tare; or as in the example of checks and collection charges, a third column might be written expressing the net result; and all three results will be shown upon the number wheels, any collective number of them being used by the tooth spaces in the faces of the cam wheels, arranged adjacent or distanced circumferentially from each other. Again, if it were desired to write figures from one side of the paper to the other, the tooth spaces could be adjusted to write and add them as a single column, or in two, three, four or more columns by meshing pinionsl 187 (shown in Fig. 31) or intermittent gears, fixed on the cam shaft 153, with the pinion 104 fixed to the side of the rewinding ring, which is rotated step by step with the lateral motion of the typewriter carriage. An arrangement for indicating the positions of six parallel columns of figures, using nine number wheels with two spaces for commas and one space for a period, twelve spaces in all, is shown in Fig. 13, being a representation of the space indicator on a Remington machine, together with an index made upon or attached to it to show where the columns may be written. In this arrangement the nine cam wheels must take twelve steps in one rotation of the cam shaft.

If a twelve tooth pinion 187, fixed to the projecting left hand end of the cam shaft 153, be meshed with the teeth of the pinion 104 on the side of the rewinding ring (see Fig. 31), the lateral movement of the carriage, step by step, through its connection by the endless steel tape 106, will rotate the pinion 104 exactly one tooth to each step, thus turning the cam shaft intermittently one rotation with twelve stops at each of the siX columns indicated (in all seventytwo positions of the carriage) and through the arrangement of the single depressions in the rim of the cams, as has already been explained, the number wheels, by the downward movement of the slides, will be successively connected with the respective power wheels at their sides for rotation, of which the amount depends on the selection of the number key depressed. Thus any number of wheels, more or less and different number of columns, in different positions may be adjustably located either by the number of teeth on one or more sliding racks on rod 159, or through pinion wheels of different number of teeth on the cam shaft 153, meshing with pinion 94. If a connecting pinion 187 be used to impart motion to the cam shaft, the segment gear 158, on the cross shaft 157, may be removed, or the spiral gear 1511 may be slid along the cam shaft out of mesh with spiral gear 15S, as its use as shown is to provide for one column of figures only. Two or more racks can be mounted on lateral bar 159 and adjusted for as many columns, at the desired locations on the paper'.

To discontinue the operation of the calculating mechanism when desired, and to prevent its action when the upper case" characters (on the same type bars as the i several members) are written, a lateral rocking shaft 203 (Fig. l) is provided, mounted at its ends at side frames 1 and 2. At its right hand end it has an arm crank 201 with a projecting handle 202 for rotating by hand,

and a slight projection on its under side to enter a small hole 209.a in the side frame l, to hold it in a fixed position when moved to the left, to discontinue the operation of the mechanism. Fixedly mounted on rocking shaft 203, directly in front of each vertical rod 23, is a short arm having a projection 207 at its end, designed, when moved rearward by actuation of the shaft, to contact with a forward projection 208, on each of the vertical rods 23, to prevent upward 1notion of the latter, thus preventing any escape motion of the control shaft 33 and the recording of any number on the number wheels. At the left hand end of the rock- TIG ing shaft, outside the side frameQ, there is a fixed arm with a pin 204: at itsupper end,`

which passes through and normally is in contact with the forward end of an elon-y gated slot 206, in a link bar 205. This link bar extends forward, sliding on the upper side of the'. table of the typewriting machine, its forward end, in the form of a hook, passing over the,` front bar on which the front wheels of the `typewriter carriage travels laterally across the machine. lVhen'- ever the upper case characters are printed, this rod, which is mounted upon an upright lever in the Remington machines, is moved backward to change the position of part of the typewriter carriage, and its backward movement, through link 205 and pin 204, rocks the shaft 203 forward, thereby bringing the nine short arms 207 in contact with the forward projections 208,V thus preventing the upwardmovement of the rods 23 and the actuation of the calculating mechanism.

l. A calculating` mechanism, comprising movable figure-bearing members, a driven actuator therefor, Vmanually-operated means representing a `series of numbers, and a se- 'ries of relatively movable escape devices mounted on'the actuator and controlled by said ymanually-operated means adapted to permit lstep-by-step movements of said actuator proportional to the numerical values of the several manuallyoperated means.

2. A calculating ymechanism comprising movable ligure-bearing members, a driven actuator therefor, control'devices representing a series of numbers, and a series of relatively movable escape devices, each controlled by one of said devices and adapted to be held stationary'when one of the said devices is operated, to permit a movement of the actuator .proportional to the value of the number represented by that device.

'3. A calculating mechanism, comprising movable figure-bearing members, an actun ator therefor, escape membersl mounted on said actuator, one of vwhich is fixed and another of which is relatively movable thereon in the direction of movement-thereof through a limited distance having a definite proportionto a value employed in calculation, and escape devices operated in unison and arranged to hold either of said escape members from movement while releasing the other of such members.

4. VA'calculating mechanism, comprising Vmovable figure-bearing members, a driven actuator therefor, manually-operated means representing a series of numbers, and a series rof escape devices carried by said actuator, each controlled by one of said manually-operated means and having an amount of movement relative to the4 actuator in the direction cf movement of the latter proportional to the value of. the number represented by its controlling means, each said device when one of the manual means is "operated being held stationary and adapted to permit movement of the actuator by such amount. 5. A calculating `mechanism, comprising -movable ligure-bearing members, a ydriven actuator therefor, an `arrester for holding the actuator stationary, a plurality of `manual means representing a series ofnumbers operable to cause registration of different numbers, a series of escape devices with respect to which the actuator has varying amounts of movement corresponding to vthe values of the several numbers, and controlling means, each arranged for actuation by one of said Vmanual means to engage and hold stationary an escape device and disvengage the arrester from the actuator, wherebythe latter is enabled to move and carry a Anumber-bearing member 'through a distance n corresponding to Vthe particular manual means operated.- Y

t. A calculating mechanism, comprising movable figure-bearing members, a shaft connected to move the same, means normally tending to rotate the shaft, escape devices connectedto the shaft, control members representing aseries of numbers, and

l tletents controlled by said control members arranged to permit movement of the shaft, when any control member is operated, proportional to the value of the number represented by such member.

7.V A calculating mechanism, comprising `movable figure-bearing members, a shaft connected to move the same, means nor-4 of escape devices connected to the shaft, of

which one is fixed, while between the others and the shaft various amounts of relative movement proportional to the several numbers to be calculated are permitted, control members representing a series of numbers, and detents controlled by said control members arranged to release the fixed escape device and engage a movable escape device to permit Vmovement of the shaft, when any control' member is operated, proportional to tlievalue of the number represented by such member.

9. A calculating mechanism, comprising movable figure bearing members, a shaft connected to move the same, means normally tending to rotate the shaft, an escape wheel fixed to said shaft, a detent normally en ga ged with the fixed wheel to hold the shaft stationary, a series of loose escape wheels on Vthe shaft with respect to which the latter is relatively movable, manually-operated members representing a series of numbers, a plu rality of detents, each operable by one of said manual members to engage one of the movable wheels and to release the detent from the fixed wheel, and coperating stops on the shaft and loose wheels to limit the relative movement thereof, said stops for the various wheels being differently spaced about the axis of the shaft proportionally to the several numbers.

10. A calculating mechanism, comprising movable figure-bearing members, a shaft connected to move the same, means normally tending to rotate the shaft, an escape wheel fixed to said shaft, a detent normally engaged with the fixed wheel to hold the shaft stationary, a series of loose escape Wheels on the shaft with respect to which the latter is relatively movable, manually-operated members representing a series of numbers, a plurality of detents, each operable by one of said manual members to engage one of the movable wheels and kto release the detent from the fixed wheel, cooperating stops on the shaft and loose wheels to limit the relative movement thereof, said stops for the various wheels being dierently spaced proportionally to the several numbers, and yielding means tending to hold the shaft and fixed Wheels at one of the limits of their relative movement.

11. In an apparatus of the character described, a shaft, means tending` to rotate the shaft, an escape Wheel loosely mounted thereon, cooperating stops on the wheel and shaft limiting the relative rotation thereof, a spring engaged with the shaft and wheel tending to bring and retain them at one of the limits of their relative movement, and means for alternately arresting and releasing the wheel and shaft respectively, Whereby the latter is enabled to advance step-bystep.

12. In an apparatus of the character described, a shaft, an escape wheel loosely mounted thereon, coperating stops on the Wheel and shaft limiting the relative rotation thereof, a spring engaged with the shaft and wheel tending to bring and retain them at one of the limits of their relative movement, means tending to rotate the shaft, a displaccable detent for arresting the shaft, and a movable detent adapted to engage and hold the escape Wheel while the first detent is displaced, whereby the shaft is enabled to rotate until the second limit is reached.

13. In an apparatus of the character described, a sha-ft, means tending to rotate the same, fixed and loose escape wheels thereon, stops limiting the relative rotation of the shaft and loose wheel in both directions, a spring tending to hold the same at one of their limits, and detents for the wheels movable first to engage the loose and release the fixed wheel, and then to engage the fixed and release the loose Wheel, whereby first the shaft and then the loose wheel are enabled to turn through the permitted distance. 1st. In an apparatus of the character described, a shaft and a loose wheel thereon, two stops on one and an intermediate stop 0n the other, limiting their relative rotation, a spring connected bot-h to the shaft and the wheel tending to hold them with the stop of one in contact with one of the stops of the other', means tending to rotate the shaft, and displaceable detents for the shaft and wheel, one of which is adapted to be released while the other is engaged.

15. ln an apparatus of the character described, a shaft, means tending to rotate the same in a given direction, a wheel loose on the shaft, a spring tending to rotate the wheel relatively to the shaft in the same direction, cooperating stops limiting the rotation of the wheel. with respect to the shaft, and of the shaft with respect to the wheel, and displaceable detents for the shaft and wheel arranged to alternately release one and engage the other, whereby the shaft is enabled to turn step-by-step.

1G. ln an apparatus of the character described, a shaft, means tending to rotate the same in a given direction, a wheel loose on the shaft, a spring tending to rotate the wheel relatively to the shaft in the same direction, detents adapted to engage alterna-tely the shaft and wheel to hold stationary first one and then the other, and coperating stops limiting the rotation of the wheel with respect to the shaft when the shaft is held, and of the shaft with respect to the wheel when the wheel is held.

17. A calculating machine, comprising figure-bearing members, an actuator' shaft connected to move the same, means tending to rotate the shaft in a given direction, an escape wheel fixed thereon, a detent holding the same and displaceable, a series of wheels loose on the same, a. plurality of detents adapted to engage the loose wheels, one to each and to displace the first detent when sol engaged, manually-operated devices controlling said last detents, each operable for calculating a. different number, springs tending to turn the loose wheels about the shaft in the direction of rotation of the latter, and coperating stops on the loose wheels and shaft limiting the rotation of each with respect to the other and differently spaced for the several wheels to correspond with the values of the several numbers, whereby when any loose wheel is engaged by its departicular controlling member operated, and

when the wheel is released, it is adapted to turn the saine amounton the shaft.

18. In a calculating machine, having a series of figure-bearing members, a shaft by which they are moved, anda ymanually-controlled actuating shaft' movable in one directionv by amounts proportional tonumbers to be calculated, the connections for moving the figure-bearing ymembers, to, perform either addition or subtraction consisting of gearing .communicatin-g motion in either direction from the second to the first shaft, including fixed and oppositely-moving loose pinions on one ofthe shafts and an idler constantly in mesh with` the fixed pinion and movable into gear with thefloose pinions alternately.

-19.,In a calculatingmachine, having a series of gure-bearing members, ashaft by which they are moved, a manually-controlled actuating shaft movable in one direction .by

amounts proportional tonumbers to be calculated, the'connections for moving the figure-bearing members to perform either additionwory subtraction.. consisting of gearing vcommunicating motionin .either direction from the second ,to the first shaft, including fixed and yoppositelyTniov-ing .loose pinions on oney off the shaftsV and an idler constantly in mesh with'the fixed pinion and movable into4 gear with theloose pinionsalternately, and a handle connected to the idler fork shifting the same.v e Y Y 20. In a calculating machine, having a series of figure-bearing members, aV shaft by which they are moved,.and aimanually-controlled actuatingsh'aft movable Vin ,one direction by amounts proportional to rnumbers to be calculated, the connectionsl for` moving the figure-bearing vmembers to perform either addition or subtraction consistingv of gearing communicating motion in either direction from the second to the first shaft, including fixed and. loose pinions on opposite sides thereof on the first shaft, driving.L pinions on the'second shaft gearedto turn said loose `pinions oppositely, and an idle Vpinion in mesh always with the fixed pinion and movable intomesh with either of the-loose pinions. s

2l. kA calculating machine, comprising a series of loosely-mounted figure-bearing disks, a drivingxshaft, and a carrier adjacent each disk on which are mounted a pin ion for connecting the disk with the shaft and a second pinion for making carrying connection with the adjacent right-hand disk, means for moving the -carrier'so that only one of saidpinions is operatively connectedat any time, anda connection between said pinions preventing` displacement of the inoperative one, so that each is always ready for correct engagement.

22. A calculating machine, comprising a series of loosely-mounted figure-bearing disks, av driving shaft, a carrier adjacent each disk having a pinion for eiecting driving connection from the shaft to the disk, anda second. pinion for making carrying connection with the adjacent right-hand disk,said pinions being connected so as to bealways ready for correct engagement, and' means for Vshifting said `carrier to bring one of said pinions into operation and simulta neously move the other. out yof operation.

23. A calculating machine,comprising a series of loosely-mounted figure-bearing disks, a driving shaft, pinionsiixedl theretoyequal in number to the disks/a carrier adj acent each disk, a pinion'mountedon the carrier .adapted to yconnect a ,disk with its ree spective fixed pinion, a second pinion mounted on -thecarrienadapted to make connections for carryingfrom one disk to the next, the carrier being movableto,placeone of said Vp inions in and removethe other from opera-tion, and connections between the lpinions for retaining them, .in definite Vrelationship, whereby each isvalways in readiness for correctl operative engagement.

24, Acalculating machine, comprising a series Y of loosely-mounted figure-bearing disks, a driving shaft, pinions xed thereto equal in number to theqdisks, ,a carrier for each disk, a pinion mounted on the carrier adapted to connect adisk with itsrespective 25. A calculating machine, comprising a series of loosely-mounted figure-bearing disks, adriving'shaft, pinions fixed thereto equal in knumber to the disksa loose pinion at the left of each disk, a carrying wheel between the disk and pinion adapted to carry tens from'the former to -the latter, a carrier adjacent each disk, and pinions thereon, the carrier being movable to cause its pinions alternately to connect a disk with itsy respective fixed shaft-pinion, and to connect the same disk with the loose pinion of the disk at the right.

26. A calculating machine, comprising a series of loosely-mounted figure-bearing disks, a driving shaft, pinions Afixed thereto equal inv number to the disk, a loose piniony ico 

